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Madina
Malik :: Book 45 : Hadith 45.5.18
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Two deens shall not co-exist in the Arabian Peninsula."
Malik said that Ibn Shihab said, ''Umar ibn al-Khattab searched for information about that until he was absolutely convinced that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had said, 'Two deens shall not co-exist in the Arabian Peninsula,' and he therefore expelled the jews from Khaybar."
Madina
Malik :: Book 45 : Hadith 45.5.19
Malik said, ''Umar ibn al-Khattab expelled the jews from Najran (a jewish settlement in the Yemen) and Fadak (a jewish settlement thirty miles from Madina). When the jews of Khaybar left, they did not take any fruit or land. The jews of Fadak took half the fruit and half the land, because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had made a settlement with them for that. So Umar entrusted to them the value in gold, silver, camels, ropes and saddle bags of half the fruit and half the land, and handed the value over to them and expelled them."
Madina
Malik :: Book 45 : Hadith 45.7.23
Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir and from Salim ibn Abi'n-Nadr, the mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah that Amir ibn Sad ibn Abi Waqqas heard his father ask Usama ibn Zayd, "Have you heard anything from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about the plague?" Usama said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The plague is a punishment that was sent down on a party of the Banu Israil or whoever was before them. When you hear of it in a land, do not enter it. If it comes upon a land and you are in it, do not depart in flight from it.' "
Malik said that Abu'n-Nadr said, "That is, do not depart with no other intention but flight."
Virtues of Madinah
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 30 :: Hadith 91
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet said, "Medina is a sanctuary from that place to that. Its trees should not be cut and no heresy should be innovated nor any sin should be committed in it, and whoever innovates in it an heresy or commits sins (bad deeds), then he will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people." (See Hadith No. 409, Vol 9).
'Amr bin Maimun said: "I used to visit Ibn Mas'ud every thrusday afternoon, but he never uttered the words:
"The messenger of Allah (??? ???? ???? ? ???) said." Then one evening, he said: 'Messenger of Allah (??? ???? ???? ? ???) said then he let his head hang down." He said: "I looked at him and saw that his shirt was unfastened; his eyes were filled with tears, and his veins were bulging out (With fear). He said: 'Or more than that, or less than that, or close to that, or something similar."
Ibn Majah.Kalamullah.Com Kalamullah.Com
ما أخطأني ابن مسعود عشية خميس إلا أتيته فيه قال فما سمعته يقول بشيء قط قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فلما كان ذات عشية قال قال رسول الله قال صلى الله عليه وسلم فنكس قال فنظرت إليه فهو
قائم محللة أزرار قميصه قد اغرورقت عيناه وانتفخت أوداجه قال أو دون ذلك أو فوق ذلك أو قريبا من ذلك أو شبيها بذلك
'Amr bin Maimun said: "I used to visit Ibn Mas'ud every thrusday afternoon, but he never uttered the words:
"The messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said." Then one evening, he said: 'Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said then he let his head hang down." He said: "I looked at him and saw that his shirt was unfastened; his eyes were filled with tears, and his veins were bulging out (With fear). He said: 'Or more than that, or less than that, or close to that, or something similar."
Ibn Majah.
Once, Abu-d Dardaa passed a group of people crowding around a man insulting and beating him, he said:
“What do you think you would do if he had fallen into a well?” asked Abu-d Dardaa. “Wouldn’t you try to get him out?” “Certainly,” they said. “Don’t insult your brother and give praise to God Who has preserved you from falling into such a sin.” “Don’t you hate him?” they asked Abu-d Dardaa. He answered by saying: “I only detest what he had done and if he abandons such practice, he is my brother.”
["Al-Musannaf", 11/180].
Al-Fazari has narrated:
“When Allaah decided to take the sould of Ibraheem, He sent the Angel of Death to him. Ibraheem said to the Angel of Death: “Do you know someone who wants to kill his own friend?” The Angel of Death returned to Allaah. He then came back and said: “O Ibraheem, and do you know a friend who does not want to meet his friend?”
["Hilyat Al-Awliya", 10/9].
Imaam adh-Dhahabee (Rahimahullaah) said:
"May Allaah have mercy over the person who speaks little, reads the Qur'aan, weeps over his lost time, constantly gazes into al-Bukhaaree and Muslim and worships Allaah before he is surprised by death."
(at-Tadhkirah 2/80)
Al-Dhahabî, speaking about the mistakes of the scholars, said the following:
"If we were to discredit every person who made mistake in judgment or declare those people as innovators – people who are essentially of good faith and sincerely seek the truth then scarcely would any of our scholars be spared. "
[Siyar al-A`lâm al-Nubalâ' (14/374)]
Speaking about Qatâdah – the illustrious Successor – he said:
"He was one who asserted human free will to the extent of denying Divine Decree over human actions. We ask Allah to protect us from such ideas. On the other hand, no one ever doubted his honesty in the least, or his integrity, or the strength of his memory. It is quite possible that Allah forgives the likes of him for falling into certain innovated ideas with no other intention but to glorify Allah and to hold Him far above (the bad deeds that people commit.) Allah is the judge who is just and merciful towards His servants. He is not to be asked about what He does."
[Siyar al-A`lâm al-Nubalâ' (2/271)]
It is authenticated that al-Hasan said:
"Contemplation [on Allah] for an hour is better than observing the late night prayer."
[Musanaf Ibn Abî Shaybah]
The prophet said:
ومن لم يهتم بأمر المسلمين فليس منهم
Who so ever does not care about the affairs of Muslims is not considered amongst them
“Don’t consider anything insignificant out of good things even if it is that you meet your brother with a cheerful countenance.” (Sahih Muslim
من قتل معاهدا لم يرح رائحة الجنة ، وإن ريحها توجد من مسيرة أربعين عاما
On the authority of Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibnal ‘Aas who states that the Messenger of Allah said, “Whoever kills someone who is protected under a covenant then he shall not even smell the scent of Paradise, even though its scent may be appreciated from a distance of over forty years.” (Bukhari) And in another narration, “Allah has forbidden him Paradise.” (Albani – Saheeh al-Jaami’)
ألا من ظلم معاهدا ، أو انتقصه حقه ، أو كلفه فوق طاقته ، أو أخذ منه شيئا بغير طيب نفس منه ، فأنا حجيجه يوم القيامة
And it has been narrated from some of the Companions and their children that the Prophet (saas) said, “I will argue on the Day of Judgment against the one who: does injustice to one of the people of the covenant, give him less than his right, ask him to do what he cannot bear, or takes anything from him without his permission.” (Abu Dawood, others – Sahih)
"Every activity that does not contain the remembrance of Allaah is falsehood and heedlessness, except for a man doing four things: Walking between two purposeful goals, grooming his horse, playing with his family, or teaching someone to swim." [14] An authentic hadeeth, with varying but similar wordings, collected by Ahmad (4/144,146,148,222), Aboo Daawood (3/13), Ibn Maajah (2/940), Ad-Daarimee (2/204-205), Al-Haakim (2/95), Al-Bayhaqee (10/13,14,218), and many others.
Afflictions and the End of the World
Bukhari :: Book 9 :: Volume 88 :: Hadith 189
Narrated Um Salama:
(the wife of the Prophet) Allah's Apostle woke up one night in a state of terror and said, "Subhan Allah, How many treasures Allah has sent down! And how many afflictions have been sent down! Who will go and wake the lady dwellers (wives of the Prophet) up of these rooms (for prayers)?" He meant his wives, so that they might pray. He added, "A well-dressed (soul) in this world may be naked in the Hereafter."
The Messenger Muhammad (saws) said
“By the one in whose hand is my soul, you must command the good and forbid the evil, otherwise Allah will send upon you a punishment, and you will supplicate to Him and He will not respond to you.” [Tirmidhi]
Firstly, Ibn Taymiyyah has correctly said, “One of the fundamental principles of Islam is to bring benefit (maslahah) to society, or at least to increase it if it cannot be complete – and to reduce harm to the greatest degree possible.” Amongst the many evidences for this principle are:Allah intends every facility for you; He does not want to put you to difficulties. [2:185]Narrated Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (saas) said, “[In Islam] There should be neither harming nor returning harm.” [Ibn Majah]
On the authority of Abu Hurairah that he heard the Prophet (saas) say, “One who defected from the obedience to the ruler and separated from the main body of the Muslims – if he died in that state – would die the death of one belonging to the days of pre-Islamic ignorance (would not die as a Muslim). One who fights under the banner of a people who are blind to the cause for which they are fighting, or one who gets angered for a sectarian cause, or calls people to a sectarian cause, or fights for a sectarian cause – if he is killed in this manner, he dies as one belonging to the days of pre-Islamic ignorance. Whosoever attacks my community indiscriminately killing the righteous and the wicked among them, not refraining from hurting the believers due to their faith and one who does not fulfill the covenant made with those who have been given a pledge of security – he has nothing to do with me and I have nothing to do with him. (Muslim)
Narrated Abu Mus’ab ibn Sa’d that he at one time believed he was more honorable than some of the other Companions of the Prophet (saas) whereupon the Prophet (saas) said, “Indeed, Allah aids this community (Ummah) by the supplication, prayer and sincerity of its weak ones.” (Nasaa’i – Saheeh)
Allah does not change a people’s condition unless they change what is in their hearts. [13:11]
Narrated Hudhaifa ibnul Yaman, I asked the Messenger of Allah (saas), “no doubt, we had an evil time (the days of Jahiliyya or pre-Islamic ignorance) and God brought us a good time (the Islamic period) through which we are now living. Will there be a bad time after this good time?” He (the Prophet) said: “Yes.” I said: “Will there be a good time after this bad time?” He said: “Yes.” I said: “Will there be a bad time after good time?” He said: “Yes.” I asked: “How?” Whereupon he said: “There will be leaders who will not be led by my guidance and who will not adopt my ways. There will be among them men who will have the hearts of devils in the bodies of human beings.” I asked: “What should I do if I should live to see that time O’ Messenger of Allah?” He replied: “You must listen to the ruler and carry out his orders, even if your back is flogged and your wealth is snatched, you must still listen and obey.” (Muslim)
Ibn Abil-‘Izz al-Hanafi states on this issue: “And as for obeying the Rulers, even if they commit oppression, then this is because the evils and harms that arise on account of rebelling against them are numerous times more than that which occurs as a result of the oppression of the Rulers themselves. Rather, in having patience over their oppression there is expiation of sins, and a multiplication of the reward. For Allah did not empower them over us, except due to the corruption in our actions, and the recompense for an action is its like (al-jazaa’u min jins al-’amal).” Thus if we don’t like our rulers, then we should look into the mirror to see what we don’t like in our own selves!
And whatever affliction befalls you, then it is from what your hands have earned, yet He pardons much. [42:30]
And thus do we turn some of the oppressors against others on account of what they used to earn. [6:129]
Malik bin Dinar (who said) that it has come in some of the (previous revealed) Books of Allah:
I am the King of the dominion, the hearts of the kings are in my Hand. So whoever obeyed me, I made them (the kings) a mercy over him, and whoever disobeyed me, I made them a vengeance upon him. So do not occupy yourselves with reviling the kings, but rather repent and I will make them compassionate upon you.
Narrated Tareef Abi Tamima: I saw Safwan and Jundub and his companions when Jundab was advising them. They said, “Did you hear something from Allah’s Messenger (saas)?” He said, “I heard him saying, ‘Whoever does a good deed in order to show off, Allah will expose his intentions on the Day of Resurrection (before the people), and whoever puts the people into difficulties, Allah will put him into difficulties on the Day of Resurrection.‘” The people said (to Jundab), “Advise us.” He said, “The first part of the human body to rot (after death) is the stomach, so he who can eat nothing but pure food (Halal and earned lawfully) should do so, and he who does as much as he can that nothing intervene between him and Paradise by not shedding even a handful of blood, (murdering) should do so.” (Bukhari)
great Tabi’ee Mutarrif ibn Abdillah who was asked by the Khawarij why he didn’t join them in their battle and he replied:
لأن يسألني الله تعالى يوم القيامة فيقول: يا مطرف ألا فعلت، أحب إلي من أن يقول لم فعلت
“For Allah to ask me on the Day of Judgment, why didn’t you kill someone is far more beloved to me than for Him to ask me why I killed someone.”
authentic hadith of Khabbab ibnal-Arrat:
‘I approached the Prophet when he was reclining in the shade of the Ka‘bah one day. This was in the days when we had received some harm from the pagans (tortured by them). I said to him: ‘O Messenger of Allah, will you not ask God to help us? Will you not pray for our relief from this persecution?” He sat up red in the face and said: “Among the followers of God before you were those who were thrown in a ditch and then sawed in half. Yet this did not make them turn away from the worship of God. And others had their skin combed with iron combs to the point that the flesh was lifted from the bones yet they too were not swayed from the worship of God. For there is no doubt that God will cause Islam to spread until a person can ride from San’a to Hadramaut (two distant cities in Yemen) and he will not fear anything except God and the wolf regarding his sheep. Yet you are a people who are too hasty!” (Ahmad)
Malik narrates that Abu Bakr as-Sideeq sent forth some armies to fight the Romans in Greater Syria. He went for a walk with Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan who was the commander of one of the battalions. Then Abu Bakr advised Yazid, “You will find a people who claim to have totally given themselves to Allah. Leave them to what they claim to have given themselves and all others who make such a claim. I advise you ten things: Do not kill a woman or a child or an elderly person. Do not cut down fruit-bearing trees. Do not destroy an inhabited place. Do not slaughter sheep or camels except if you must for food. Do not burn bees and do not drown them. Do not steal from the spoils, and do not be cowardly.” (Muwatta)
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِى الاْرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِى ارْتَضَى لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدّلَنَّهُمْ مّن بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْناً
Allah has promised those among you who believe and do good deeds, that He will certainly grant them succession in the land, as He granted it to those before them, and that He will grant them the authority to practice their religion which He has chosen for them. And He will surely give them in exchange security after their fear if they worship Me and do not associate anything with Me. But whoever disbelieved after this, they are the rebellious. [24:55]
Ibn Kathir states in his tafsir of this ayah,
“This is a promise from Allah to His Messenger that He would cause his Ummah to become successors on earth, i.e., they would become the leaders and rulers of mankind, through whom He would reform the world and to whom people would submit, so that they would have in exchange a safe security after their fear. This is what Allah did indeed do, may He be glorified and exalted, and to Him be praise ….
Ar-Rabi` bin Anas narrated that Abu Al-`Aliyah said, “The Prophet and his Companions were in Makkah for nearly ten years, calling people in secret to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate. They were in a state of fear and were not instructed to fight until after they were commanded to migrate to Al-Madinah. When they came to Al-Madinah, then Allah instructed them to fight. In Al-Madinah they were afraid and they carried their weapons morning and evening. This is how they remained for as long as Allah willed…” Then Allah revealed this ayah. He caused His Prophet to prevail over the Arabian Peninsula, and then they felt safe and put down their weapons. Then Allah took His Prophet and they remained safe throughout the time of Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Uthman, until what happened happened, and fear again prevailed over them, so they instituted a police force and guards. They changed, so their situation changed.”
Ibn Kathir continues in his tafsir:
(But whoever disbelieved after this, they are the rebellious) means, `whoever then stops obeying Me after that, has stopped obeying the command of his Lord, and that is a great sin.’ The Companions — may Allah be pleased with them — were the most committed of people after the Prophet to the commands of Allah and the most obedient to Allah. Their victories were in accordance with their level of commitment. They caused the Word of Allah to prevail in the east and the west, and Allah supported them so much that they governed all the people and all the lands. When the people subsequently fell short in their commitment to some of the commandments, their strength and victory fell short accordingly ….
من قتل معاهدا لم يرح رائحة الجنة ، وإن ريحها توجد من مسيرة أربعين عاما
On the authority of Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibnal ‘Aas who states that the Messenger of Allah said, “Whoever kills someone who is protected under a covenant then he shall not even smell the scent of Paradise, even though its scent may be appreciated from a distance of over forty years.” (Bukhari) And in another narration, “Allah has forbidden him Paradise.” (Albani – Saheeh al-Jaami’)
ألا من ظلم معاهدا ، أو انتقصه حقه ، أو كلفه فوق طاقته ، أو أخذ منه شيئا بغير طيب نفس منه ، فأنا حجيجه يوم القيامة
And it has been narrated from some of the Companions and their children that the Prophet (saas) said, “I will argue on the Day of Judgment against the one who: does injustice to one of the people of the covenant, give him less than his right, ask him to do what he cannot bear, or takes anything from him without his permission.” (Abu Dawood, others – Sahih)
Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)
Bukhari :: Book 5 :: Volume 59 :: Hadith 507
Narrated Salama bin Al-Akwa:
Once I went (from Medina) towards (Al-Ghaba) before the first Adhan of the Fajr Prayer. The she-camels of Allah's Apostle used to graze at a place called Dhi-Qarad. A slave of 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Auf met me (on the way) and said, "The she-camels of Allah's Apostle had been taken away by force." I asked, "Who had taken them?" He replied "(The people of) Ghatafan." I made three loud cries (to the people of Medina) saying, "O Sabahah!" I made the people between the two mountains of Medina hear me. Then I rushed onward and caught up with the robbers while they were watering the camels. I started throwing arrows at them as I was a good archer and I was saying, "I am the son of Al-Akwa', and today will perish the wicked people." I kept on saying like that till I restored the she-camels (of the Prophet), I also snatched thirty Burda (i.e. garments) from them. Then the Prophet and the other people came there, and I said, "O Allah's Prophet! I have stopped the people (of Ghatafan) from taking water and they are thirsty now. So send (some people) after them now." On that the Prophet said, "O the son of Al-Akwa'! You have over-powered them, so forgive them." Then we all came back and Allah's Apostle seated me behind him on his she-camel till we entered Medina.
It is reported that a Companion of the Prophet, Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman said Nothing prevented me from being present at the Battle of Badr except this incident: I
came out with my father Husayl to participate in the Battle but we were caught by some Qurayshi unbelievers. They said: “Do you intend to go to Muhammad?” We said: “We do not intend to go to him but we wish to go back to Medina.” So they took from us acovenant in the name of God that we would turn back to Medina and would not fight on the side of Muhammad. So when we came to the Messenger of God and related the incident to him he said: “Both of you proceed to Medina. We will fulfill the covenant made with them but seek God’s help against them.”
Sahih Muslim, Kitab al-Jihad wa’l-siyar, Bab al-wafa’ bi’l-‘ahd.
"If they capture [a Muslim soldier] then he is obligated to flee as soon as he can. If they free him without condition then he is obligated to try and fights them because they are unbelievers with no guarantee of security. But if they free him on the condition that he is under a guarantee of security [aman] from them, then they are also under a guarantee of security from him. If they guarantee his security and ask for a guarantee from him then it is forbidden for him to fight them or steal their property on the basis of what the Almighty has said: “O you who have believed! Fulfill all contracts.” [5:1] But if they violate their guarantee to him then he may do so as well to them. If they free him under a guarantee of safety but without asking for one themselves, then even in this case the majority say that they are still under such a guarantee on his part because of their placing him under a guarantee."
al-Nawawi, al-Majmu‘, v. 21, p. 130. ‘Abd al-Qadir also reports this position as an object of general consensus in Sunni fiqh. (Fiqh al-aqalliyyat al-muslima, p. 167.)
Also from the Hanbali Ibn Qudamah:
"Whoever enters the land of the enemy under an aman shall not cheat them in transactions. [This] is forbidden, because they only gave the aman under the condition of refraining from deceit or betrayal, and of his [guarantee of] security to them from himself. Even if this [contract] is not explicitly pronounced it is still binding because it is presumed. For this same reason, whoever comes to one of our lands from one of theirs under an aman and betrays us thereby violates his contract. So if this is established then it is not permitted [for a Muslim] to betray them, because this is deceit [ghadr], which is not permitted in our religion. The Prophet said: “Muslims are bound by their terms.” If a Muslim under an aman steals, cheats or borrows
something from a non-Muslim and then flees to dar al-Islam then if the non-Muslim goes there under an aman Muslim authorities are obligated to provide for the return of his property as if he had taken it from a Muslim."
Muwaffaq al-Din Ibn Qudama, al-Mughni (Cairo: Hajar, 1990), v. 13, 152-153.
Sheikh Hamad Ibn Ateeq, may Allah have mercy upon him, divided those Muslims who live in nonIslamic countries into three groups: Those who prefer to live amongst Non-Muslims because of their affection for them; those who live amongst non-Muslims yet ignore their obligation to denounce disbelief; and those who live amongst the non-Muslims but uphold their obligation to denounce disbelief.
The first group: stays amongst the disbelievers by choice and inclination, they praise and commend them, and are happy to disassociate themselves from the Muslims. They help the disbelievers in their struggle against the Muslims in any way they can, physically, morally, and financially. Such people are disbelievers, their position is actively and deliberately opposed to religion. Allah says,
The believers shall not take the disbelievers as allies in preference to the believers. Whoever does this shall never be helped by Allah in any way [40]
At-Tabari remarks that such a person would have washed his hands of Allah, and that Allah would have nothing to do with a person who actively rejects Him and denies His Religion. Allah , says:
0 you who believe! Do not take the Jews and the Christians as protectors, they are protectors of one another, whoever takes them as protectors is one of them.[41]
Then, in the words of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Whoever joins the,disbelievers and lives amongst them is one of them'[42]
Abdullah Ibn Omar said: "Whoever settles amongst the disbelievers, celebrates their feasts and joins in their revelry and dies in their midst will likewise be raised to stand with them on the Day of Resurrection. [43] .
Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab, may Allah have mercy upon him, mentioned that in the case of a Muslim whose people remained bound to disbelief and followed the enemies of Islam, he too would become a disbeliever if he refused to abandon his people, just because he found it difficult. He would end up fighting against the Muslims alongside his nation, with his money and life. And if they were to order him to marry his father's wife, but could not prevent that unless he migrates from his country, he would be forced to marry her. His alliance and participation with them in their campaign against Islam and their struggle against Allah and His Messenger is far worse than marrying his father's wife. He is also a disbeliever, about whom Allah has said:
You will find others who hope for your protection, and for that of their own people. But whenever they are sent to temptation, they yield thereto. If they do not withdraw from you, nor offer you peace, nor restrain their hands, then seize them and kill them wherever you may find them. In their case, We have given you a clear warrant against them. [44]
The second group: are those who remain amongst the disbelievers because of money, family or homeland. He does not demonstrate a strong attachment to his religion (Islam), nor does he emigrate. He does not support the disbelievers against the Muslims, whether in word or deed. His heart is not bound to them, nor does he speak on their behalf. Such a person is not considered a disbeliever merely because he continues to live among the disbelievers, but many would say that he has disobeyed Allah and His Messenger by not going to live among the Muslims, even though he may secretly hate the disbelievers. Allah has said,
Verily! As for those whom the Angels have taken (in death) while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory to them), they (angels) asked them, "In what condition were you?". They replied, "We were weak and oppressed on earth". The Angels asked, "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to migrate therein?"
Such men will find their abode in Hell - what an evil destination!”[45]
Ibn Kathir remarks: They were (wronging themselves) by refusing to emigrate. He continues by saying that this verse establishes a general rule which applies to anyone who is prevented from practising his religion, yet willingly remains among the disbelievers. There is no disagreement among the scholars, and the sources all state that this course of action is prohibited. [46]
Al-Bukhari relates that Ibn Abbas said that this verse was about "Some people from among the Muslims who stayed with the Pagans of Makkah, swelling their ranks, in the days of the Prophet. When fighting broke out some of them were killed and some wounded. Then Allah revealed the verse:
(Verily! As for those whom the Angels have taken (in death) while they are wronging themselves)”[47]
Whatever excuses they may have offered were rejected by the revelation,
Say, 'If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kinsmen, the wealth which you have acquired, the commerce in which you fear a decline, or the houses you love - if these are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His Decision (Torment). Allah does not guide those who are AI-Faasiqun.[48]
Anyone who refuses to emigrate uses one of these eight excuses. But these excuses have already been rejected by Allah, Who has said that those who make such claims are disobedient to Him, and this was specifically with regard to those who chose to remain in Makkah which is the holiest place on earth. Allah required the believers to quit this place, and even love for it was not an acceptable excuse for refusal. How would such an excuse fare then for places other than Makkah? [49]
The third group: are those who may remain among the disbelievers without impediment, and they are two categories:
1. Those who are openly able -to proclaim their religion and dissociate themselves from disbelief. When they are able, they clearly disassociate themselves from the disbelievers and tell them openly that they are far from truth, and that they are wrong. This is what is known as 'Izhar ad-Din' or 'assertion of Islam'. This is what exonerates a person from the obligation to emigrate. As Allah has said: (Say, "0 Disbelievers, I do not worship what you worship and you are not worshipers of what I worship.. ).
Thus, Muhammad (peace be upon him), was commanded to tell the disbelievers of their clear disbelief and that their religion was not the same, nor was their worship, nor what they worshipped. That they could not be in the service of Allah, so long as they remained in the service of falsehood. He was commanded to express his satisfaction with Islam as his religion and his denial of the faith of the disbelievers. Allah SWT says:
Say (0 Muhammad): "0 mankind! If you are in doubt about my religion (Islam), then know that I do not worship what you worship besides Allah, rather I worship Allah Who causes you to die, and I am commanded to be among the believers. And (it is inspired to me): Direct your face (0 Muhammad) towards the religion Hanifan (Islamic Monotheism), and never be one of the Mushrikeen. [50]
Therefore, Whoever does this is not obliged to emigrate.
Asserting one's religion does not mean that you simply leave people to worship whatever they please without comment, like the Christians and the Jews do. It means that you must clearly and plainly disapprove of what they worship, and show enmity towards the disbelievers; failing this there is no assertion of Islam.
2. Those who live amongst the disbelievers, and have not the means to leave nor the strength to assert themselves, have a license to remain. Allah SWT, says,
Except for the weak ones among men, women and children who are unable to devise a plan, nor to direct their way.[51]
But the exemption comes after a promise to those who remain among the disbelievers, that,
Such men will find their abode in Hell - What an evil destination![52]
It is an exemption to those who could not devise a plan nor find any other way out. Ibn Kathir remarks: "These were people who could not rid themselves of the disbelievers, and even had they been able to do so, they would not have been able to direct their way" [53]
Allah says:
And what is wrong with you that you fight not in the Cause of Allah, and for those weak, ill-treated and oppressed among men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from this town whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from You one who will protect, and raise for us from You one who will help'
[54]
So in the first verse, Allah swt mentions their situation, their weakness and inability to find any way to extricate themselves, and in the second, He mentions their plea to Allah to deliver them from their oppressors and to give them a protector, a helper and guide to victory. For these people Allah swt says:
For these there is hope that Allah will forgive them, and Allah is Ever Oft-Pardoning, OftForgiving.[55]
Al-Baghawi commented that: "A Muslim who becomes a captive of the disbelievers must flee, if he is able, as he would not be permitted to remain under them. If they make him give his word that he would not run away if they were to release him, he should give them his word, but then he must try to escape; there would be noguilt upon him for his lie, since they had obligated him themselves. But if he had given them his promise, in order to ingratiate them to himself, he would be obliged to escape, just the same, but must also offer penance for his wilful deception of their trust"[56]
The rulings about travel to disbelieving countries (Dar ul-Harb) for purposes of trade are broadly detailed. If you are able to assert your faith, while not supporting the disbelievers, then this is permitted. Indeed, some of the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) travelled to some countries of disbelievers in search of trade, among them Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did not prevent them from this, as Imam Ahmad points out in his Musnad and elsewhere. [57]
If you are unable to assert your religion or avoid supporting them, then it is not permitted to venture amongst them for trading purposes. The subject has been addressed by the scholars and the relevant support for their position will be found in the Prophet's Ahaadeeth. Allah has required all believers to uphold their faith and to oppose the disbelievers. Nothing is allowed to undermine or interfere with these obligations.[58]
While this is quite clear from many different sources, we still find a carefree attitude among many Muslims today with regard to this subject. The forming of friendships with those who are rightly our enemies, and establishing communities in their countries has been trivialised. Remarkably, some Muslims even send their children to the West to study Islamic Law and Arabic in European and American universities! This will stand as an absurd monument to the foolishness of those Muslims of the twentieth century, who sent their children to the disbelievers to study Islamic Law and Arabic!
Our scholars have warned us enough of the dangers which these questions raise, and they have carefully explained the perils of such educational exchanges, and of the desire of the disbelievers to corrupt the minds of our youth to turn them away from Islam, so we should take time to consider what we are doing. [59]
Taken from the book Al Wala Wal Baraa by Sheikh Qahtani:
===========================================
Abu Bakr ibn al-‘Arabi said:
Covenants are of two types: one for which expiation may be offered and another for which there is no expiation. That for which expiation may be offered is that which is intended as a vow to refrain from doing something or to do something.
The second type is a covenant in which the two parties are bound in a manner that is permissible according to sharee’ah, and is binding, either exclusively between them or amongst many people. It is not permissible to nullify or abolish such a covenant, and it is not subject to kafaarah (expiation). This is the covenant for which the one who breaks it will be gathered (on the Day of Resurrection) as a betrayer, and a banner will be set up for him commensurate with the degree of his betrayal, and it will be said, “This is the betrayer of So and so.” Maalik says, a covenant sworn by oath is not permitted to be nullified, and this is what is meant by the aayah (interpretation of the meaning):
“and break not the oaths after you have confirmed them — and indeed you have appointed Allaah your surety” [al-Nahl 16:91]
---------------------
The one who makes a promise to Allaah or says, “I promise Allaah that I will do such and such” is obliged to fulfil it, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever vows to do an act of worship or obedience to Allaah, let him fulfil it, and whoever vows to do an act of disobedience towards Allaah, let him not fulfil it.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 6318.
--------------------------
And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Every betrayer will have a banner on the Day of Resurrection, by which he will be known.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 6966; Muslim, 1736)
Al-Bukhaari narrated that Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: ‘The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ‘There are four characteristics, whoever has them all is a pure hypocrite: when he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise he breaks it; when he is entrusted with something he betrays that trust; and when he argues, he speaks in an obscene manner. Whoever has one of these traits has a trait of hypocrisy until he gives it up.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3878; Muslim, 58)
And it was narrated that Maalik said: “I heard that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Abbaas said: ‘There is no people who betrays their covenant but Allaah gives their enemies power over them.” (al-Muwatta’, Baab ma jaa’a fi’l-wafa’ bi’l-‘ahd)
Yet despite this condemnation of betrayal, Islam allows deception in war in order to attain victory. Al-Nawawi said: “The scholars are agreed that it is permissible to deceive the kuffaar in war in any way possible, except if that would mean breaking the terms of a treaty or trust, in which case it is not permitted.
-----------------------------
“And they will never cease fighting you until they turn you back from your religion (Islamic Monotheism) if they can. And whosoever of you turns back from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, then his deeds will be lost in this life and in the Hereafter, and they will be the dwellers of the Fire. They will abide therein forever”[al-Baqarah 2:217]
“They intend to put out the Light of Allaah (i.e. the religion of Islam, this Qur’aan, and Prophet Muhammad) with their mouths. But Allaah will bring His Light to perfection even though the disbelievers hate (it).
He it is Who has sent His Messenger (Muhammad) with guidance and the religion of truth (Islamic Monotheism) to make it victorious over all (other) religions even though the Mushrikoon (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allaah and in His Messenger Muhammad) hate (it)”[al-Saff :8-9]
The kuffaar want all the nations of this earth to follow kufr as one:
“They wish that you reject Faith, as they have rejected (Faith), and thus that you all become equal (like one another)
[al-Nisaa’ 4:89 – interpretation of the meaning]
“Verily, those who disbelieve spend their wealth to hinder (men) from the path of Allaah, and so will they continue to spend it; but in the end it will become an anguish for them. Then they will be overcome. And those who disbelieve will be gathered unto Hell”
[al-Anfaal 8:36]
Allaah has told us how strong the enmity of the kuffaar is towards the Muslims:
“Neither those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) nor Al-Mushrikoon (the idolaters, polytheists, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allaah, pagans) like that there should be sent down unto you any good from your Lord. But Allaah chooses for His Mercy whom He wills. And Allaah is the Owner of Great Bounty”
[al-Baqarah 2:105 – interpretation of the meaning]
No matter what the kuffaar do, their enmity will not end. Even though they may speak words of friendship, their hearts are filled with hatred towards Islam and its people:
“How (can there be such a covenant with them) that when you are overpowered by them, they regard not the ties, either of kinship or of covenant with you? With (good words from) their mouths they please you, but their hearts are averse to you, and most of them are Faasiqoon (rebellious, disobedient to Allaah)”
[al-Tawbah 9:8 – interpretation of the meaning]
--------------------
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade living among the kuffaar and settling in their lands. He said: "I disavow myself of any Muslim who settles among the mushrikeen." Narrated by Abu Dawood (2654) and al-Tirmidhi (1604);
First of all we should remember that it is forbidden to travel to the lands of the mushrikeen or lands where there is a great deal of corruption and promiscuity. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I disavow myself of every Muslim who settles among the mushrikeen.” They said: “O Messenger of Allaah, why?” He said: “They should not be able to see one another’s fires.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 1604; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.
The narration means that they are not allowed to live at the distance from where they could see each other's fire at night. According to the great majority of Muslim scholars the ruling of this immigration remains mandatory till the Day of Judgement.
· Ibn Qudaamah also said: 'After the given details, people are of three kinds as far as the matter of immigration from a non-Muslim country is concerned:
A) Those who are obliged to migrate: Muslims who cannot follow their religion freely and who are able to migrate to a Muslim country must migrate (no other choice is given to them).'
B) The ruling of migration does not cover the Muslims who cannot migrate due to compulsion or who are too weak to migrate such as women, children and the like, such are not addressed by this rule. Allaah Says (what means): {Except the weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way. For these there is hope that Allaah will forgive them, and Allaah is Ever Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving.} [Quran 4:98-99]. Due to the lack of their ability to migrate, migration could not be considered recommended in this case under Sharee'ah.
C) Migration is recommended for some Muslim but it is not compulsory. For instance, Muslims who live in a non-Muslim country but they are allowed to act freely according to their religion; they are merely recommended to migrate to Muslim countries to help the Muslim nation and increase the members of the Muslim community. The evidence for this is the fact that Al-'Abbaas the uncle of the Prophet stayed in Makkah even after embracing Islam. It is also reported that when Nu'aym an-Nahhaam wanted to migrate, his tribesmen came to him and said: 'Stay here and follow your religion, we will protect you from anyone who causes harm to you, and keep on doing to us the good you used to do (he used to look after their orphans and widows). He delayed his migration for a period and thereafter he migrated. The Prophet said to him: "Your people were better for you than my people were for me. My people expelled me and tried to kill me, while your people protected you and gave you shelter." He replied, "But O Prophet of Allaah! Your people chased you away to the obedience of Allaah and to Jihaad against His enemies, while my people discouraged me from migration and held me back from the obedience of Allaah." [Al-Mughni].
Allaah Knows best.
· Allaah Says (what means): {Verily! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging themselves (as they stayed among the disbelievers even though emigration was obligatory for them), they (angels) say (to them): "In what (condition) were you?" They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on earth." They (angels) say: "Was not the earth of Allaah spacious enough for you to emigrate therein?" ….}[Quran 4: 97]
Imran bin Haseen narrated: The Messenger of Allah said: “Standingin the ranks of the army in the battlefield is better to Allah than the worship of sixty years” Al Hakim (authentic according to al Bukhari rules and agreed by al Thahabi))
The Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever fights in the cause of Allah the time it takes to milk a camel is granted Paradise” (Ahmad – Abu Dawud – al Tirmithi – ibn Majah – ibn Habbaan)
Ibn Umar said: “One trip on jihad is better than 50 hajjs”142 This narration to ibn Umar is authentic (Ibn al Mubarak – ibn Abi Shaybah)
Dar al islam refers to Islamic state whereas Darul kufr or Darul Harb refers to lands of disbelief which do not have any covenant with the Islamic state.
Country remains upon ruling of Darul Islam even if it appears to be Dar al Harb.
Ibn Hajar[shihab ad-din ahmad ibn muhammad ibn ali ibn hajar al-haytami al makki(d.974H.) in Tuhfat al mujtaj bi sharh al minhaj vol .9/368-270
Because of this Hadith
"Prophet Muhammad salla lahu alaihi wa sallam said that Islam dominates & is not dominated"
Hadith was narrated by AD Daraqutni in his sunan ,Al-Bayhaqi ,Ar Ruyani in his musnad,Adh Dhiya al maqdisi in Al Ahadith al mukhtarah all from Aith ibn amr al -muzani.It was also narrated by At-Tabarani in Al mujam as -saghir & Al-Bayhaqi in dalail an Nubuwwah both from Umar ibn Al-Khattab.A third narration was narrated by Nahshal in Tarikh wasit from Muath ibn Jabal.
To deny, stop, or reject any Fard (obligatory) duty of the Sharia (Divine Law) i.e. Salaah, Zakaah, Saum, Hajj, Kindness to parents, or Jihad. [Qur'aan 4:50, 64-65, 80] or to turn away from the religion by not learning or practicing it's precepts. [Qur'aan 32:22]
To rule or judge by other than that which Allah revealed. This is of different types and the ruling differs depending on the beliefs and actions. Whoever rules by other than what Allah has revealed viewing it or believing it to be superior or better than Allah's sharia is considered a disbeliever by all the Muslims. Likewise, the one who substitutes the sharia with man-made laws and views that as permissible, even if he says that to rule by the sharia is better, is a disbeliever because he has made halaal what Allah has made haraam. If one rules as described following whims or in opposition to someone (i.e. not viewing it as equal, a substitute or superior as described above) he is considered a major sinner. [2:120, 3:85, 4:115, 5:3, 44, 49, 50, 33:36, 45:18, 58:22]. [explained in detail in Fataawa Ibn Baz, Vol. 1 Rulings on 'Aqeedah, pg. 991]
“And they will never cease fighting you until they turn you back from your religion (Islamic Monotheism) if they can. And whosoever of you turns back from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, then his deeds will be lost in this life and in the Hereafter, and they will be the dwellers of the Fire. They will abide therein forever”[al-Baqarah 2:217]
The kuffaar want all the nations of this earth to follow kufr as one:
“They wish that you reject Faith, as they have rejected (Faith), and thus that you all become equal (like one another)
[al-Nisaa’ 4:89 – interpretation of the meaning]
And whatever affliction befalls you, then it is from what your hands have earned, yet He pardons much. [42:30]
And His (swt) statement:
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُوَلِّي بَعْضَ الظَّالِمِينَ بَعْضًا بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ
And thus do we turn some of the oppressors against others on account of what they used to earn. [6:129]
Ibn Kathir quotes in regards to this ayah, “A poet once said, ‘There is no hand, but Allah’s Hand is above it, and no wrongdoer but will be tested by another wrongdoer’.”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Farewell Pilgrimage
Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam and was made obligatory in the tenth, ninth or sixth year, according to different reports [Ibn Kathir, al Bidayah wa al Nihayah, 5/109].
In the tenth year the Prophet 
, announced that he intended to perform hajj; this was the only time that he performed hajj after the Hijrah to Madinah. The Muslims came from all over the Arabian Peninsula to perform hajj with him. He left Madinah five days before the end of Dhu al Qa`dah [Ibn Hajar, Fath al Bari, 8/104; Ibn Ishaq, with a hasan isnad (Sirat ibn Hisham, 4/272). Ibn Kathir, al Bidayah wa al Nihayah, 5/111. This is the same as Ibn Ishaq’s report. He said, "Its isnad is jayyid."]. When he halted in Arafat, the following ayah was revealed to him:
, announced that he intended to perform hajj; this was the only time that he performed hajj after the Hijrah to Madinah. The Muslims came from all over the Arabian Peninsula to perform hajj with him. He left Madinah five days before the end of Dhu al Qa`dah [Ibn Hajar, Fath al Bari, 8/104; Ibn Ishaq, with a hasan isnad (Sirat ibn Hisham, 4/272). Ibn Kathir, al Bidayah wa al Nihayah, 5/111. This is the same as Ibn Ishaq’s report. He said, "Its isnad is jayyid."]. When he halted in Arafat, the following ayah was revealed to him: “This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion…”
(Al Ma’idah 5:4) [Sahih al Bukhari, Fath al Bari, 8/108]
Upon hearing this verse ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab cried.
“What makes you cry?” He was asked.
His answer was: “Nothing succeeds perfection but imperfection.”
The Muslims learned the rituals of the hajj from the Prophet (sallallahu `alaihi wa sallam) when he said: “Take your rituals from me.” His hajj was full of laws pertaining to the Shari`ah, especially matters pertaining to the hajj, and general advice and laws which were mentioned in the Sermon of Arafat. For this reason, the scholars showed great interest in the farewell pilgrimage and derived many laws from it, dealing with the rituals of hajj and other matters, of which the books of fiqh and hadith explanation are full. Some of the scholars wrote books dealing specifically with the farewell pilgrimage.
“Verily your blood and your property are as sacred and inviolable as the sacredness of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this land of yours. Behold! Everything pertaining to the days of ignorance is under my feet completely abolished. Abolished are also the blood revenges of the days of ignorance. The first claim of ours on blood revenge which I abolish is that of the son of Rabi`ah ibn al Harith. And the usury riba of the pre-Islamic period is abolished, and the first of our usury I abolish is that of `Abbas ibn `Abd al Muttalib, for it is all abolished.
Fear God concerning women! Verily you have taken them on the security of God, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by words of God. You too have rights over them, and they should not allow anyone to sit on your bed whom you do not like. But if they do that, you can chastise them but not severely. Their rights upon you are that you should provide them with food and clothing in a fitting manner.
I have left among you the Book of God, and if you hold fast to it you would never go astray. And you would be asked about me (on the day of resurrection), (now tell me) what would you say? They (the audience) said: “We bear witness that you have conveyed (the message), discharged (the ministry of Prophet hood) and given wise (sincere) counsel.”
He (the narrator) said: “He (the Prophet) then raised his forefinger toward the sky and pointed it at the people (and said):
“O Allah, bear witness, O Allah, bear witness.”
[The report is from Sahih Muslim, 4/38-43, from the hadith of Jabir ibn `Abd Allah. Al Shaykh Muhammad Nasir al Din al Albani made some brief additions to it, from other books of hadith which narrated the hadith of Jabir with some sahih additions (Hijjat alNabi, pp. 71-73). See the report of Jabir in Hadith in Hijjat al-Nabii, 38-41. See part of the khutbah in Sahih al Bukhari, Fath al Bari, 8/108). Ibn Ishaq mentioned the long text of the farewell khutbah without isnad. Imam Ahmad mentioned the long text of the khutbah of the farewell pilgrimage, which was given in the middle of the Ayyam al Tashriq. Its isnad includes `Ali ibn Zayd ibn Jad`aan, who al Hafiz ibn Hajar, in al Taqrib, said was weak. Al Bannaa said, "Al Bazzar narrated a similar report with the same meaning from Ibn `Umar with a different isnad." The Imams of hadith narrated parts of it in their books, in different chapters, through sahih isnads; and Allah knows best. (Al Fath al Rabbani, 279-281)]He delivered another sermon at Mina, when he said, “Do not return to Kufr, killing one another, after I am gone.” [Sahih al Bukhari, Fath al Bari, 8/107; Muslim, Sahih, 1/82]
[End of excerpt from Dr `Umari’s work] From Benefits of this Great Sermon:
[Adapted from Masaa’il Muhimma `an il-`Umrah wa’l-Hajj by Muhammad Jameel Zeeno]
-
Prohibition of shedding innocent blood, and taking of wealth without right, which stresses Islam’s protection of souls.
- Nullification of validity of actions of Jahiliyyah
- Prohibition of taking Riba (usury and interest), which is an increase on the principal, whether small or large. Allah the Most High says: “But if you repent, you may have your capital.” [Al Baqarah (2:279)]
- Admonition to fulfil and give women their rights, and to deal with them in goodness. Many authentic hadeeths have been narrated in this regard, which elucidate their rights and warn against taking them unjustly.
- Advice to strongly cling to the Book of Allah, in which lies the honour of Muslims and their victory. Likewise, the order to stick to the Sunnah, which explains the Qur’an, for verily the reason for Muslims’ weakness today is their leaving of judging by the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger. There will be no victory for Muslims except by returning to these two Sources.
- Testimony of the Companions that the Messenger of Allah,, conveyed the message, discharged his trust and counseled the Ummah.
- Order to take rituals of Hajj and other rituals from the Prophet’s sayings, actions and tacit agreements.
- Subtle indication that the Prophet’s farewell would soon come.
- Warning against fighting and killing among Muslims, which is disbelief in action, which does not take one out of the fold of Islam, as in his,, saying: “Cursing a Muslim is fusooq, and fighting him is kufr.“ [Agreed upon]
____________________________
In the ninth year of hijra, at the head of an army of 30,000 Muslims which is gathering to meet the impending aggression from the Byzantine Empire, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) delivered the following speech at Tabuk on the borders of Syria:
He (SAW) praised and thanked Allah and said:
“Verily the most veracious discourse is the book of Allah (the Qur’an). The most trustworthy handhold is the word of piety (Taqwa). The best of religions is the religion of Ibrahim. The best of the precedents is the precedent of Muhammad. The noblest speech is the invocation of Allah. The finest of narratives is this Qur’an. The best of affairs is that which has been firmly resolved upon. The worst religions are those which are created without sanction. The best of ways is the one trodden by the prophets. The noblest death is the death of a martyr. The most miserable blindness is waywardness after guidance. The best of auctions is that which is beneficent. The best guidance is that which is put into practice. The worst blindness is the blindness of the heart.
The upper hand is better than the lower (i.e. it is better to give than to receive). The little that suffices is better than the abundant and alluring. The worst apology is that which is tendered when death stares one in the face. The worst remorse is that which is felt on the Day of Resurrection.
Some men do not come to the Friday prayer, but with hesitance and delay. And some of them do not remember Allah but with reluctance. The tongue that is addicted to false expression is a bubbling spring of sins.
The most valuable possession is contentment of the heart. The best provision is that of piety. The highest wisdom is the fear of Allah, the Mighty and Great. The best thing to be cherished in the hearts is faith and conviction; doubt is part of infidelity.
Impatient wailing and fulsome praise of the dead is an act of ignorance. Betrayal leads one to the fire of Hell. Drinking amounts to burning. Obscene poetry is the work of the Devil. Wine (alcohol) is the mother of evils. The worst thing eaten is one which belongs to the orphan. Blessed is he who receives admonition from others.
Each one of you must resort to a place of four cubits (the grave). Your affairs will be decided ultimately in the next life. The worst dream is the false dream. Whatever is in store in near. To abuse a believer is transgression. Raising arms against him is infidelity. To backbite him is a disobedience to Allah. Inviolability and sacredness of his property is like that of his blood. He who swears by Allah (falsely), in fact falsifies him. He who pardons is himself granted pardon. He who forgives others, is forgiven by Allah for his sins.
He who represses anger, Allah rewards him. He who faces misfortunes with perseverance, Allah compenses him. He who acts only for fame and reputation, Allah disgraces him. He who shows patience and forbearance, Allah gives him a double reward. He who disobeys Allah, Allah chastises him.
I seek the forgiveness of Allah, I seek the forgiveness of Allah, I seek the forgiveness of Allah.
____________________________
The Covenant of Umar
“In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate,
This is an assurance of peace and protection given by the servant of Allah Umar, Commander of the Believers to the people of Ilia’ [Jerusalem]. He gave them an assurance of protection for their lives, property, church and crosses as well as the sick and healthy and all its religious community.
Their churches shall not be occupied, demolished nor taken away wholly or in part. None of their crosses nor property shall be seized. They shall not be coerced in their religion nor shall any of them be injured. None of the Jews shall reside with them in Ilia’.
The people of Ilia shall pay Jizya tax [tax on free non-Muslims living under Muslim rule] as inhabitants of cities do. They shall evict all Romans and thieves.
He whoever gets out shall be guaranteed safety for his life and property until he reachs his safe haven. He whoever stays shall be also safe, in which case he shall pay as much tax as the people of Ilia’ do. Should any of the people of Ilia wish to move together with his property along with the Romans and to clear out of their churches and crosses, they shall be safe for their lives, churches and crosses, until they have reached then safe haven. He whoever chooses to stay he may do so and he shall pay as much tax as the people of Ilia’ do. He whoever wishes to move along with the Roman, may do so, and whoever wishes to return back home to his kinsfolk, may do so. Nothing shall be taken from them, their crops have been harvested. To the contents of this convent here are given the Covenant of Allah, the guarantees of His Messenger, the Caliphs and the Believers, provided they pay their due Jizia tax.
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The FBI Has Been Violating Your Liberties in Ways That May Shock You
February 3, 2011 |
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Last week, Senate Judiciary Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-VT, introduced legislation to extend the Patriot Act past its February 28 expiration date to December 2013. Though the extension once again saves some of the most nefarious, First-Amendment trampling provisions of the act -- roving wiretaps, secret access to third-party records, the hunting of targets unafilliated with foreign powers -- Leahy released a statement assuring us that the new extension will increase citizen protections.
“It will promote transparency and expand privacy and civil liberties safeguards in current law,” he said in a statement. “It increases judicial oversight of government surveillance powers that capture information on Americans. This is a package of reforms that all Americans should support.” The expanded bill would require the Department of Justice to issue public reports and generally expand oversight.
But will token rights-preserving provisions matter if the FBI refuses to comply?
Over the last decade, the FBI has been found to violate the Constitution countless times under the guise of the Patriot Act, including a 2007 scandal that led FBI head Robert Mueller to publicly apologize for the preponderance of security abuses, misconduct and violation of civil liberties on his watch. We’ve known since its enactment in 2001 that the Patriot Act, with its gross expansion of law enforcement power and murky reporting requirements, was just a rulebook waiting to be spoiled.
But according to a new report released by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the FBI’s violations go far beyond what has been reported.
Since July 2009, EFF has been involved in litigation with seven different federal agencies for ignoring EFF’s requests for information submitted in 2008. In December 2009, the CIA, NSA, Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and Department of State were ordered by the Court to comply with EFF’s requests under the Freedom of Information Act, though it did not receive the complete papers from the FBI until October 2010.
The resulting 2,500-page document consists of FBI reports to the citizen-run Intelligence Oversight Board during the years 2001-2008. Consistently, documents released from the IOB reveal investigations of abuse that often have not been reported to Congress or the Department of Justice as required. But EFF’s analysis, pored over for several months, illuminates exactly how, when and why these investigations happened, and the results are shocking.
First, the numbers: EFF found that, since 9/11, the FBI has been responsible for up to 40,000 violations. Most often, said violations included bucking guidelines for internal oversight, abusing the National Security Letters and trampling on the Fourth Amendment. This, in tandem with the IOB’s weakened capacity for oversight under President George W. Bush, has resulted in nothing short of disaster. In 2008, Bush revoked the IOB’s right to refer violations to the Attorney General, and eliminated the agency’s requirement to report quarterly to the IOB. As EFF found, "The FBI’s disregard for its own internal oversight requirements and the Bureau’s failure to timely report violations to the IOB undermined the safeguards established to protect civil liberties violations from occurring." While the Obama administration restored a few of those changes, it still has not provided the proper transparency needed for a true citizen-protective oversight board or fully disclosed its makeup.
Some of the more egregious abuses, according to EFF’s report:
- Private entities such as phone companies, banks and Internet providers assisted the FBI’s National Security Letters abuse with alarming frequency, turning over information without valid legal justification in more than half of all case.
- Between 2001-2008, the average time between when a violation was committed, and when it was reported to the IOB, was 2.5 years.
- During that same time frame, the FBI was found to have submitted false or inaccurate documents to courts, used "improper evidence" to obtain subpoenas, and accessed password-protected documents without a warrant.
This is government spying, in no uncertain terms.
In his bill to renew the Patriot Act, Senator Leahy called for "a higher standard" from the government, including "a statement of facts showing reasonable grounds to believe the tangible things are relevant to an authorized investigation and pertain to (a) an agent of a foreign power, (b) the activities of a suspected agent, or (c) an individual in contact with or known to a suspected agent of foreign power."
Lip service is mighty, but without true reform to the articles like Lone Wolf, It’s likely the FBI won’t stop stampeding our rights anytime so
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